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Death row phenomenon
The death row phenomenon is a term used to refer to the emotional distress felt by prisoners on death row. Concerns about the ethics of inflicting this distress upon prisoners have led to some legal concerns about the constitutionality of the death penalty in the United States and other countries. In relation to the use of solitary confinement with death row inmates, death row phenomenon and death row syndrome are two concepts that are gaining ground. The death row syndrome must be seen as a distinct concept, which refers to the enduring psychological effects of the death row phenomenon, which merely refers to the triggers of the syndrome.
Harrison and Tamony〔Harrison, K. and Tamony, A. (2010) Death Row Phenomenon, Death Row Syndrome and their Affect on Capital Cases in the US. Internet Journal of Criminology. http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Harrison_Tamony_%20Death_Row_Syndrome%20_IJC_Nov_2010.pdf〕 define death row phenomenon as the harmful effects of death row conditions, while death row syndrome is the consequent manifestation of psychological illness that can occur as a result of death row phenomenon.
==Phenomenon==
According to some psychiatrists, the results of being confined to death row for an extended period of time, including the effects of knowing one will die and the living conditions, can fuel delusions and suicidal tendencies in an individual and can cause insanity in a form that is dangerous.〔Avi Salzman, "(Killer's Fate May Rest on New Legal Concept )," Santa Clara University, 1 February 2005.〕 The theory of the death row phenomenon may be traced to 1989, when the European Court of Human Rights agreed that poor conditions on death row in Virginia should mean that a fugitive should not be extradited to the US unless the US agreed it would not execute the fugitive should he or she be convicted.〔 Additionally, the number of years that the fugitive would be on death row was considered problematic. The case is known as ''Soering v. United Kingdom''.〔Rhona K.M. Smith, ''Textbook on International Human Rights'', second edition, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 228.〕 Earlier, however, in 1950, a justice on the United States Supreme Court in ''Solesbee v. Balkcom'' remarked that the "onset of insanity while awaiting execution of a death sentence is not a rare phenomenon". Often the death row phenomenon, being a result of a prolonged stay on death row, is an unintentional result of the long procedures used in the attempt to ensure the death penalty is applied only to the guilty.〔''United States v. Burns'' (2001).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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